Malthus is seen as the intellectual father of ideas of overpopulation and the limits to growth.
His work influenced Thomas Robert Malthus, who, writing at the end of the 18th century, feared that, if unchecked, population growth would tend to outstrip growth in food production, leading to ever-increasing famine and poverty (see Malthusian catastrophe). In 1755, Benjamin Franklin published his essay Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc., projecting exponential growth in British colonies.
Richard Price was credited with the first textbook on life contingencies published in 1771, followed later by Augustus de Morgan, ‘On the Application of Probabilities to Life Contingencies’ (1838). Mathematicians, such as Edmond Halley, developed the life table as the basis for life insurance mathematics. Among the study's findings were that one-third of the children in London died before their sixteenth birthday. One of the earliest demographic studies in the modern period was Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality (1662) by John Graunt, which contains a primitive form of life table. Important contributors to the field were William of Conches, Bartholomew of Lucca, William of Auvergne, William of Pagula, and Muslim sociologists like Ibn Khaldun. In the Middle ages, Christian thinkers devoted much time in refuting the Classical ideas on demography. In Rome, writers and philosophers like Cicero, Seneca, Pliny the elder, Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Cato, and Columella also expressed important ideas on this ground. In ancient Greece, this can be found in the writings of Herodotus, Thucidides, Hippocrates, Epicurus, Protagoras, Polus, Plato and Aristotle. Made up of the prefix demo- and the suffix -graphy, the term Demography refers to the overall study of population. 4 Basic equation regarding development of a populationĭemographic thoughts traced back to antiquity, and were present in many civilisations and cultures, like Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, China and India.įormal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of population processes, while the broader field of social demography or population studies also analyses the relationships between economic, social, cultural, and biological processes influencing a population. Patient demographics include: Date of birth, gender (Ref: Google Health), Date of death, postal code, ethnicity, blood type (Ref: Microsoft HealthVault: Personal Demographic Information, Basic Demographic Information), Emergency contact information, family doctor, insurance provider data, Allergies, major diagnoses and major medical history. They allow for the identification of a patient and his categorization into categories for the purpose of statistical analysis. Patient demographics form the core of the data for any medical institution, such as patient and emergency contact information and patient medical record data. Educational institutions usually treat demography as a field of sociology, though there are a number of independent demography departments. Demography (from prefix demo- from Ancient Greek δῆμος ( dēmos) meaning 'the people', and -graphy from γράφω ( graphō) meaning 'writing, description or measurement' ) is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings.ĭemographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as education, nationality, religion, and ethnicity.
0 kommentar(er)
